Rosaceae · leaf, flower
Hawthorn
Crataegus monogyna
Leaf and flower mapped to human trial literature in mild cardiac-insufficiency-era products.
Safety first
Leaf-flower extracts may potentiate cardioactive drugs including digitalis-class agents. Not a substitute for heart-failure care. Chest pain is ACS until proven otherwise.
Tradition vs trials
Traditional record. European heart-tonic. Commission E recorded leaf-flower for declining cardiac output in older NYHA language.
Trial literature. Standardized extracts have human data in mild heart-failure settings. Contemporary guideline care dominates.
Practical ranges
Educational ranges — not a prescription. Culinary use is not an extract.
leaf-flower extract
European monograph extracts often several hundred milligrams daily of standardized leaf-flower; products differ
ESCOP / EMA HMPC — Educational range only — not a prescription. A licensed clinician individualizes product, dose, and duration.
Pregnancy, nursing, children
- Pregnancy. Avoid medicinal extracts unless a clinician directs otherwise.
- Nursing. Insufficient reliable data; avoid unless a clinician directs otherwise.
- Children. Insufficient reliable data; avoid unless a clinician directs otherwise.
Contraindications
- do not replace evaluation of chest pain, syncope, or decompensated failure
Key interactions
- cardiac glycosides / antihypertensives · caution
Potentiation is the catalog caution.