Rutaceae · fruit peel
Bitter orange
Citrus aurantium
Peel is a traditional bitter and a modern synephrine supplement. This catalog maps the supplement object as restricted.
Safety first
p-Synephrine-containing extracts are pressor stimulants used in 'ephedra-free' weight-loss stacks. Combined with caffeine, MAOIs, or decongestants they are a cardiovascular problem. Culinary peel is not those extracts.
Tradition vs trials
Traditional record. TCM zhi shi / zhi ke neighborhood (related Citrus) and European bitter-peel bitters. Weight-loss extracts are a different object.
Trial literature. Synephrine plus caffeine has human pressor data. Weight-loss outcome data do not outrun the safety story.
Practical ranges
Educational ranges — not a prescription. Culinary use is not an extract.
extract
No weight-loss range in this catalog
NCCIH / FDA-era stimulant-stack notes — Educational range only — not a prescription. A licensed clinician individualizes product, dose, and duration.
Pregnancy, nursing, children
- Pregnancy. Avoid concentrated extracts.
- Nursing. Avoid concentrated extracts.
- Children. Not a pediatric stimulant.
Contraindications
- ephedra-free weight-loss stacks
- uncontrolled hypertension
- MAOI therapy
Key interactions
- stimulants / MAOIs / decongestants / uncontrolled hypertension · avoid
Pressor stacking.